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3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 93(5): 517-524, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894049

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls. Methods: The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child-Pugh score and PELD/MELD. Serum cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array flow cytometry. Results: IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the cirrhosis group when compared with the control group (2.4 vs. 0.24 (p < 0.001), 0.21 vs. 0.14 (p = 0.007), and 0.65 vs. 0.36 (p = 0.004), respectively. IL-6 and IL-10 were positively correlated with disease severity (0.450 [p = 0.001] and 0.410; [p = 0.002], respectively). TNF-α did not show a significant correlation with disease severity (0.100; p = 0.478). Regarding nutritional evaluation, IL-6 was negatively correlated with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.493; p < 0.001) and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.503; p < 0.001), respectively. IL-10 exhibited a negative correlation with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.476; p < 0.001) and the standard deviation score of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.388; p = 0.004). TNF-α did not show any significance in both anthropometric parameters (−0.083 (p = 0.555) and −0.161 (p = 0.253). Conclusion: The authors suggest that, in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia, IL-6 could be used as a possible supporting biomarker of deficient nutritional status and elevated IL-10 levels could be used as a possible early-stage supporting biomarker of deteriorating nutritional status.


Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar se há associações entre a IL-6, o TNF-α, a IL-10 e a estado nutricional em pacientes com cirrose secundária a atresia biliar e comparar com controles saudáveis. Métodos: Os parâmetros usados na avaliação nutricional foram desvio padrão de estatura para a idade e espessura da prega cutânea do tríceps para a idade. A gravidade da cirrose foi avaliada por meio da classificação de Child-Pugh e do PELD/MELD. As citocinas no soro foram medidas por citometria de fluxo - técnica de Cytometric Bead Array. Resultados: A IL-6, o TNF-α e a IL-10 foram significativamente maiores no grupo de cirrose em comparação com o grupo de controle [2,4 em comparação com 0,24 (p < 0,001)], [0,21 em comparação com 0,14 (p = 0,007)] e [0,65 em comparação com 0,36 (p = 0,004)], respectivamente. A IL-6 e a IL-10 demonstraram correlação positiva com a gravidade da doença (0,450; p = 0,001) e (0,410; p = 0,002), respectivamente. O TNF-α não mostrou relevância na gravidade da doença (0,100; p = 0,478). Com relação à avaliação nutricional, a IL-6 demonstrou correlação negativa com o desvio padrão de estatura para a idade (−0,493; p < 0,001) e o desvio padrão de espessura da prega cutânea do tríceps para a idade (−0,503; p < 0,001), respectivamente. A IL-10 demonstrou correlação negativa com o desvio padrão de estatura para a idade (−0,476; p < 0,001) e o desvio padrão de espessura da prega cutânea do tríceps para a idade (−0,388; p = 0,004), respectivamente. O TNF-α não mostrou relevância em ambos os parâmetros antropométricos [(−0,083; p = 0,555); (−0,161; p = 0,253)]. Conclusão: Assim, sugerimos que, em pacientes com cirrose secundária a atresia biliar, IL-6 pode ser usado como um possível biomarcador de suporte do estado nutricional deficiente e níveis aumentados de IL-10 podem ser usados como um possível biomarcador de suporte, em fase inicial, de deterioração do estado nutricional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Biliary Atresia/blood , Nutritional Status , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Interleukin-10/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Severity of Illness Index , Biliary Atresia/complications , Biliary Atresia/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Nutrition Assessment , Interleukin-6/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Interleukin-10/immunology , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
4.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 37(3): 143-151, jul. set. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764667

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effects of ethanol exposure in adolescent rats during adulthood by assesssing aggression and anxiety-like behaviors and measuring the levels of inflammatory markers.Methods:Groups of male Wistar rats (mean weight 81.4 g, n = 36) were housed in groups of four until postnatal day (PND) 60. From PNDs 30 to 46, rats received one of three treatments: 3 g/kg of ethanol (15% w/v, orally, n = 16), 1.5 g/kg of ethanol (12.5% w/v, PO, n = 12), or water (n = 12) every 48 hours. Animals were assessed for aggressive behavior (resident x intruder test) and anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze) during adulthood.Results:Animals that received low doses of alcohol showed reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus as compared to the control group. No significant difference was found in prefrontal cortex.Conclusions:Intermittent exposure to alcohol during adolescence is associated with lower levels of BDNF in the hippocampus, probably due the episodic administration of alcohol, but alcohol use did not alter the level agression toward a male intruder or anxiety-like behaviors during the adult phase.


Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da exposição ao etanol em ratos adolescentes durante a idade adulta sobre os comportamentos agressivos e semelhantes à ansiedade, bem como sobre as medidas de níveis de marcadores inflamatórios.Métodos:Os grupos de ratos Wistar machos (peso médio de 81,4 g; n = 36) foram alojados em grupos de quatro até o dia pós-natal (DPN) 60. Entre os DPNs 30 e 46, os ratos receberam um dos três tratamentos: 3 g/kg de etanol (15% w/v, oralmente, n = 16), 1.5 g/kg de etanol (12,5% w/v, oralmente, n = 12), ou água (n = 12) a cada 48 horas. Os comportamentos agressivos (teste residente-intruso) e semelhantes à ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado) foram avaliados durante a idade adulta dos animais.Resultados:Os animais que receberam doses menores de álcool mostraram níveis reduzidos de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) no hipocampo quando comparados ao grupo controle. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi verificada no córtex pré-frontal.Conclusões:A exposição intermitente ao álcool durante a adolescência é associada com menores níveis de BDNF no hipocampo, provavelmente divido a administração episódica de álcool, mas o uso não alterou o nível de agressão contra o macho intruso ou os comportamentos semelhantes à ansiedade durante a fase adulta.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Binge Drinking/metabolism , Binge Drinking/psychology , Hippocampus/growth & development , Hippocampus/drug effects , Anxiety/physiopathology , Risk-Taking , Central Nervous System Depressants/adverse effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Interleukin-10/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Prefrontal Cortex/growth & development , Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Aggression/drug effects , Aggression/physiology , Aggression/psychology , Disease Models, Animal , Ethanol/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism , Hippocampus/metabolism
5.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(1): 39-46, Jan-Mar. 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702639

ABSTRACT

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of repeated D-amphetamine (AMPH) exposure, a well-accepted animal model of acute mania in bipolar disorder (BD), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on locomotor behavior and HDAC activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rats. Moreover, we aimed to assess brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA levels in these samples. Methods: We treated adult male Wistar rats with 2 mg/kg AMPH or saline intraperitoneally for 14 days. Between the 8th and 14th days, rats also received 47.5 mg/kg lithium (Li), 200 mg/kg sodium valproate (VPT), 2 mg/kg sodium butyrate (SB), or saline. We evaluated locomotor activity in the open-field task and assessed HDAC activity in the PFC and PBMCs, and BDNF levels in the PFC and plasma. Results: AMPH significantly increased locomotor activity, which was reversed by all drugs. This hyperactivity was associated with increased HDAC activity in the PFC, which was partially reversed by Li, VPT, and SB. No differences were found in BDNF levels. Conclusion: Repeated AMPH administration increases HDAC activity in the PFC without altering BDNF levels. The partial reversal of HDAC increase by Li, VPT, and SB may account for their ability to reverse AMPH-induced hyperactivity. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/analysis , Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Histone Deacetylases/analysis , Motor Activity/drug effects , Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Antimanic Agents/pharmacology , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/drug effects , Butyric Acid/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Histone Deacetylases/drug effects , Lithium/pharmacology , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Valproic Acid/pharmacology
6.
Clin. biomed. res ; 34(1): 53-59, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834450

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Cérebro (BDNF) é uma importante neurotrofina que está presente no tecido cerebral e periférico. O leite materno é considerado o alimento “padrão ouro” para o desenvolvimento cerebral, tornando o desmame precoce um fator de risco no desenvolvimento infantil. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concentração de BDNF, IL6, IL10, TNF-α em crianças e correlacionar com a duração da amamentação. MÉTODOS: Trinta e sete crianças foram recrutadas e classificadas de acordo com a duração do aleitamento materno: < 6 meses (desmame precoce) e ≥ 6 meses. Foram realizadas duas consultas: a consulta basal em 2007 (T0) e a consulta de seguimento em 2011 (T1). Os níveis séricos de BDNF foram avaliados por ELISA sanduíche e os de citocinas por citometria de fluxo. RESULTADOS: Níveis séricos de BDNF em T0 foram significativamente menores no grupo amamentado por ≥ 6 meses (p=0,025), sendo que este não teve diferença entre os grupos em T1 (p=0,863). Níveis de IL6 apresentaram-se aumentados significativamente em T0 no grupo de desmame precoce (p=0,016). O IMC em T1 foi maior no grupo de desmame precoce (p=0,007). E em relação aos níveis de IL10 e TNF-α não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram semelhanças entre os níveis séricos de BDNF medidos a longo prazo, entre crianças amamentadas por < 6 meses e ≥ 6 meses, sugerindo que futuros estudos são necessários, com dosagens durante o período de amamentação para investigar o papel de marcadores neuroquímicos na duração do aleitamento materno e suas implicações no estado nutricional e cognição das crianças amamentadas.


BACKGROUND: The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophin found in the brain and peripheral tissues. Breast milk is considered to be the “gold standard” food for brain development, making early weaning a risk factor in child development. AIM: To evaluate the concentration of BDNF, IL6, IL10, TNF-α in children and its correlation with the duration of breastfeeding. METHODS: Thirty-seven children were recruited and classified according to the duration of breastfeeding: <6 months (early weaning) and ≥ 6 months. There were two visits: the baseline interview in 2007 (T0) and the follow-up visit in 2011 (T1). BDNF levels were assayed using a sandwich ELISA, and cytokines were assayed with flow cytometry. RESULTS: Serum BDNF levels at T0 were significantly lower in the group breastfed for ≥ 6 months (p = 0.025), and they did not differ between groups at T1 (p = 0.863). IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the early weaning group at T0 (p = 0.016). Body mass index at T1 was higher in the early weaning group (p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in IL10 and TNF-α levels between groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed similarities in serum BDNF levels over time between children who had been breastfed <6months and ≥ 6 months. This suggests that further studies, with measurements taken during the breastfeeding period, are needed to investigate the role of neurochemical markers in the duration of breastfeeding and its implications on nutritional status and cognition of breastfed children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Breast Feeding , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Milk, Human/physiology , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Causality , Cytokines , Obesity/prevention & control , Time Factors
7.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 35(4): 375-379, Oct-Dec. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697327

ABSTRACT

Objective: High cardiovascular mortality rates have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the expression pattern of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in blood from patients with BD during acute mania and after euthymia, in comparison with healthy controls. Methods: Twenty patients and 20 controls were recruited and matched for sex and age. MMP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all subjects. Results: There were no significant differences in MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression between patients and controls. mRNA levels were not significantly different during mania and euthymia. However, MMP-2 mRNA levels were negatively associated with BMI in BD patients and positively associated with BMI in controls. There was no difference in the pattern of MMP-9 expression between patients and controls. Conclusions: Our results suggest a different pattern of association between MMP-2 and BMI in BD patients as compared with controls. Despite some study limitations, we believe that the role of MMPs in BD should be further investigated to elucidate its relationship with cardiovascular risk. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bipolar Disorder/enzymology , /blood , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood , Bipolar Disorder/blood , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , /genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics , RNA, Messenger/blood , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
9.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 33(3): 268-274, Sept. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-609083

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports suggest that cytokines act as potential mediators of the interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, and that a proinflammatory state may be associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The aim is to compare cytokine levels in both disorders. METHOD: Twenty euthymic bipolar disorder patients, 53 chronic stabilized schizophrenia patients and 80 healthy controls were recruited. Subjects were all non-smokers and non-obese. Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were examined by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: IL-6 levels were increased in schizophrenia patients when compared to controls (p < 0.0001) and euthymic bipolar disorder patients (p < 0.0001). IL-6 levels were no different in controls compared to euthymic bipolar disorder patients (p = 0.357). IL-10 was lower in controls compared to schizophrenia patients (p = 0.001) or to bipolar disorder patients (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in TNF-α serum levels among the groups (p = 0.284). Gender-based classification did not significantly alter these findings, and no correlation was found between the antipsychotic dose administered and cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia. DISCUSSION: These findings evidence a chronic immune activation in schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder seems to present an episode-related inflammatory syndrome. Increased anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia suggests different patterns of inflammatory balance between these two disorders. Results further support the need to investigate cytokines as possible biomarkers of disease activity or treatment response.


OBJETIVO: Pesquisas sugerem as citocinas como potenciais mediadores da interação entre os sistemas imune e neuroendócrino, e que existe um estado pró-inflamatório associado com transtorno bipolar e esquizofrenia. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os níveis de citocinas entre os dois distúrbios. MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes com transtorno bipolar eutímicos, 53 pacientes com esquizofrenia crônica estabilizados e 80 controles saudáveis foram recrutados. Todos os indivíduos eram não-fumantes e não-obesos. As citocinas TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10 foram examinadas por ELISA sanduíche. RESULTADOS: A IL-6 estava aumentada nos pacientes com esquizofrenia quando comparados aos controles (p < 0,0001) e aos pacientes bipolares eutímicos (p < 0,0001). Os níveis de IL-6 não foram diferentes nos controles em comparação com pacientes com transtorno bipolar eutímicos (p = 0,357). Os níveis de IL-10 foram menores nos controles quando comparados aos pacientes com esquizofrenia (p = 0,001) ou aos bipolares (p = 0,004). Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis séricos de TNF-α entre os grupos (p = 0,284). A separação por sexo não mostrou diferenças significativas e não houve correlação entre a dose de antipsicóticos e os níveis de citocinas em pacientes com esquizofrenia. DISCUSSÃO: Estes resultados evidenciam uma ativação imune crônica na esquizofrenia. O transtorno bipolar parece apresentar um aumento da atividade inflamatória relacionado ao episódio de humor. Níveis maiores de IL-10 no transtorno bipolar e esquizofrenia sugerem diferentes padrões de equilíbrio inflamatório entre esses dois transtornos. Resultados fornecem apoio adicional para a investigação de citocinas como possíveis biomarcadores para a atividade da doença ou resposta ao tratamento.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bipolar Disorder/blood , Inflammation Mediators/blood , /blood , /blood , Schizophrenia/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Bipolar Disorder/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Inflammation/blood , Schizophrenia/immunology , Syndrome
11.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 31(2): 136-140, jun. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517915

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigate the association between the val66met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and the performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in a sample of Caucasian Brazilian patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD: Sixty-four patients with bipolar disorder were assessed and their performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was compared with the allele frequency and genotype of the val66met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. RESULTS: The percentage of non-perseverative errors was significantly higher among patients with the val/val genotype. There was no association between (BNDF) genotype frequency and other Wisconsin Card Sorting Test domains. CONCLUSION: Our results did not replicate previous descriptions of an association between a worse cognitive performance and the presence of the met allele of the val66met brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism.


OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a associação entre o polimorfismo val66met do gene do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) e o desempenho cognitivo no Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas em uma amostra de pacientes bipolares brasileiros caucasianos. MÉTODO: Sessenta e quatro pacientes com transtorno bipolar foram avaliados em relação a sua cognição por meio do Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas que foi comparada com a freqüência alélica e genotípica do polimorfismo val66met do gene do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro. RESULTADOS: O percentual de erros não-perseverativos foi significativamente maior nos indivíduos com genótipo val/val. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre a freqüência genotípica do polimorfismo do BDNF e os outros domínios do Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo do polimorfismo val66met em relação ao desempenho executivo em pacientes bipolares caucasianos de uma amostra brasileira não reproduziu achados anteriores que sugeriam um pior desempenho em indivíduos portadores do alelo met.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics , Cognition Disorders/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/psychology , White People/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Neuropsychological Tests , Phenotype
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